題庫(問答題13,關鍵字58)

3 Ecosystems: what are they and how do they work?

3.6 what happens to matter in an ecosystem?

biogeochemical cycles or nutrient cycles

hydrologic cycle or water cycle
transpiration

carbon cycle

nitrogen cycle

phosphorus cycle
3.7 how do scientists study ecosystem?

4 Evolution and biodiversity

4.1 what is biological evolution and how does it occur?
biological evolution
theory of evolution
fossils
mutations
natural selection
adaption or adaptive trait
differential reproduction
coevolution
4.2 how do geological and climate changes affect evolution?
4.3 what is an ecological niche?
ecological niche or niche
generalist species
specialist species
4.4 how do extinction, speciation, and human activities affect biodiversity?
speciation
geographic isolation
reproductive isolation
extinction
endemic species
background extinction
mass extinction
4.5 how might genetic engineering affect evolution?
artificial selection
genetic engineering or gene splicing
genetically modified organisms(GMOs) or transgenic organism

5 Climate and biodiversity

5.1 what factors influence climate?
weather
climate
latitude
elevation
currents
density
5.2 how does climate affect the nature and location of biomes?
biomes
desert
grasslands
permafrost
forest systems
5.3 how have we affected the world's terrestrial ecosystems?
5.4 what are the major types of aquatic systems?
aquatic life zones
plankton
nekton
benthos
decomposers
5.5 what are the major ocean zones and how have we affected them?
coast zone
estuaries
coastal wetlands
intertidal zone
open sea
5.6 what are the major types of freshwater systems and how have we affected them?
lakes
oligotrophic lake
eutrophic lake
cultural eutrophication
mesotrophic lakes
surface water
runoff
watershed
drainage basin
inland wetlands